安装 Hugo

Hugo 是用 Go 开发的，支持多个平台。最新版本可以在 Hugo Releases 上找到。

Hugo 目前为以下操作系统提供了预编译的二进制文件：

• macOS (Darwin) for x64, i386, and ARM architectures
• Windows
• Linux
• OpenBSD
• FreeBSD

只要 Go 工具链可以运行，就可以从源码编译 Hugo。例如，DragonFly BSD、OpenBSD、Plan 9、Solaris 等系统上。请参阅 https://golang.org/doc/install/source 以了解目标操作系统和编译体系结构的完整支持组合。

快速安装

二进制文件（跨平台）

从 Hugo Releases 下载适合你的平台的版本。下载之后，得到的二进制文件就可以在任何地方运行了。你不需要将其安装到全局环境中。在共享主机或其他没有特权帐户的系统中也能够很好的工作。

理想情况下，你应该将其安装到 PATH 所包含的路径下，以便于使用。/usr/local/bin 是最合适的位置。

Homebrew (macOS)

如果你是在 macOS 上使用 Homebrew，则可以使用以下命令安装 Hugo：

brew install hugo

有关更详细的说明，请阅读以下关于在 macOS 和 Windows 上的安装指南。

Homebrew (Linux)

If you are using Homebrew on Linux, you can install Hugo with the following one-liner:

brew install hugo

Installation guides for Homebrew on Linux are available on their website.

Chocolatey (Windows)

如果你是在 Windows 上使用 Chocolatey 软件包管理器，则可以使用以下命令安装 Hugo：

choco install hugo -confirm

Or if you need the “extended” Sass/SCSS version:

choco install hugo-extended -confirm

Scoop (Windows)

你过你是在 Windows 上使用 Scoop 软件包管理器，则可以使用以下命令安装 Hugo：

scoop install hugo

Or install the extended version with:

scoop install hugo-extended

Source

Prerequisite Tools

• Git
• Go (at least Go 1.11)

Fetch from GitHub

Since Hugo 0.48, Hugo uses the Go Modules support built into Go 1.11 to build. The easiest way to get started is to clone Hugo in a directory outside of the GOPATH, as in the following example:

mkdir $HOME/src
cd $HOME/src
git clone https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo.git
cd hugo
go install --tags extended

Remove --tags extended if you do not want/need Sass/SCSS support.

macOS

Assumptions

1. You know how to open the macOS terminal.
2. You’re running a modern 64-bit Mac.
3. You will use ~/Sites as the starting point for your site. (~/Sites is used for example purposes. If you are familiar enough with the command line and file system, you should have no issues following along with the instructions.)

Pick Your Method

There are three ways to install Hugo on your Mac

1. The Homebrew brew utility
2. Distribution (i.e., tarball)
3. Building from Source

There is no “best” way to install Hugo on your Mac. You should use the method that works best for your use case.

Pros and Cons

There are pros and cons to each of the aforementioned methods:

1. Homebrew. Homebrew is the simplest method and will require the least amount of work to maintain. The drawbacks aren’t severe. The default package will be for the most recent release, so it will not have bug fixes until the next release (i.e., unless you install it with the --HEAD option). Hugo brew releases may lag a few days behind because it has to be coordinated with another team. Nevertheless, brew is the recommended installation method if you want to work from a stable, widely used source. Brew works well and is easy to update.

2. Tarball. Downloading and installing from the tarball is also easy, although it requires a few more command line skills than does Homebrew. Updates are easy as well: you just repeat the process with the new binary. This gives you the flexibility to have multiple versions on your computer. If you don’t want to use brew, then the tarball/binary is a good choice.

3. Building from Source. Building from source is the most work. The advantage of building from source is that you don’t have to wait for a release to add features or bug fixes. The disadvantage is that you need to spend more time managing the setup, which is manageable but requires more time than the preceding two options.

Install Hugo with Brew

Step 1: Install brew if you haven’t already

Go to the brew website, https://brew.sh/, and follow the directions there. The most important step is the installation from the command line:

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

Step 2: Run the brew Command to Install hugo

Installing Hugo using brew is as easy as the following:

brew install hugo

If Homebrew is working properly, you should see something similar to the following:

==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/hugo-0.21.sierra.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################### 100.0%
==> Pouring hugo-0.21.sierra.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/hugo/0.21: 32 files, 17.4MB

brew should have updated your path to include Hugo. You can confirm by opening a new terminal window and running a few commands:

$ # show the location of the hugo executable
which hugo
/usr/local/bin/hugo

# show the installed version
ls -l $( which hugo )
lrwxr-xr-x  1 mdhender admin  30 Mar 28 22:19 /usr/local/bin/hugo -> ../Cellar/hugo/0.13_1/bin/hugo

# verify that hugo runs correctly
hugo version
Hugo Static Site Generator v0.13 BuildDate: 2015-03-09T21:34:47-05:00

Install Hugo from Tarball

Step 1: Decide on the location

When installing from the tarball, you have to decide if you’re going to install the binary in /usr/local/bin or in your home directory. There are three camps on this:

1. Install it in /usr/local/bin so that all the users on your system have access to it. This is a good idea because it’s a fairly standard place for executables. The downside is that you may need elevated privileges to put software into that location. Also, if there are multiple users on your system, they will all run the same version. Sometimes this can be an issue if you want to try out a new release.

2. Install it in ~/bin so that only you can execute it. This is a good idea because it’s easy to do, easy to maintain, and doesn’t require elevated privileges. The downside is that only you can run Hugo. If there are other users on your site, they have to maintain their own copies. That can lead to people running different versions. Of course, this does make it easier for you to experiment with different releases.

3. Install it in your Sites directory. This is not a bad idea if you have only one site that you’re building. It keeps every thing in a single place. If you want to try out new releases, you can make a copy of the entire site and update the Hugo executable.

All three locations will work for you. In the interest of brevity, this guide focuses on option #2.

Step 2: Download the Tarball

1. Open https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/releases in your browser.

2. Find the current release by scrolling down and looking for the green tag that reads “Latest Release.”

3. Download the current tarball for the Mac. The name will be something like hugo_X.Y_osx-64bit.tgz, where X.YY is the release number.

4. By default, the tarball will be saved to your ~/Downloads directory. If you choose to use a different location, you’ll need to change that in the following steps.

Step 3: Confirm your download

Verify that the tarball wasn’t corrupted during the download:

tar tvf ~/Downloads/hugo_X.Y_osx-64bit.tgz
-rwxrwxrwx  0 0      0           0 Feb 22 04:02 hugo_X.Y_osx-64bit/hugo_X.Y_osx-64bit.tgz
-rwxrwxrwx  0 0      0           0 Feb 22 03:24 hugo_X.Y_osx-64bit/README.md
-rwxrwxrwx  0 0      0           0 Jan 30 18:48 hugo_X.Y_osx-64bit/LICENSE.md

The .md files are documentation for Hugo. The other file is the executable.

Step 4: Install Into Your bin Directory

# create the directory if needed
mkdir -p ~/bin

# make it the working directory
cd ~/bin

# extract the tarball
tar -xvzf ~/Downloads/hugo_X.Y_osx-64bit.tgz
Archive:  hugo_X.Y_osx-64bit.tgz
  x ./
  x ./hugo
  x ./LICENSE.md
  x ./README.md

# verify that it runs
./hugo version
Hugo Static Site Generator v0.13 BuildDate: 2015-02-22T04:02:30-06:00

You may need to add your bin directory to your PATH variable. The which command will check for us. If it can find hugo, it will print the full path to it. Otherwise, it will not print anything.

# check if hugo is in the path
which hugo
/Users/USERNAME/bin/hugo

If hugo is not in your PATH, add it by updating your ~/.bash_profile file. First, start up an editor:

nano ~/.bash_profile

Add a line to update your PATH variable:

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

Then save the file by pressing Control-X, then Y to save the file and return to the prompt.

Close the terminal and open a new terminal to pick up the changes to your profile. Verify your success by running the which hugo command again.

You’ve successfully installed Hugo.

Build from Source on Mac

If you want to compile Hugo yourself, you’ll need to install Go (aka Golang). You can install Go directly from the Go website or via Homebrew using the following command:

brew install go

Step 1: Get the Source

If you want to compile a specific version of Hugo, go to https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/releases and download the source code for the version of your choice. If you want to compile Hugo with all the latest changes (which might include bugs), clone the Hugo repository:

git clone https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo

Step 2: Compiling

Make the directory containing the source your working directory and then fetch Hugo’s dependencies:

mkdir -p src/github.com/gohugoio
ln -sf $(pwd) src/github.com/gohugoio/hugo

go get

This will fetch the absolute latest version of the dependencies. If Hugo fails to build, it may be the result of a dependency’s author introducing a breaking change.

Once you have properly configured your directory, you can compile Hugo using the following command:

go build -o hugo main.go

Then place the hugo executable somewhere in your $PATH. You’re now ready to start using Hugo.

Windows

The following aims to be a complete guide to installing Hugo on your Windows PC.

Assumptions

1. You will use C:\Hugo\Sites as the starting point for your new project.
2. You will use C:\Hugo\bin to store executable files.

Set up Your Directories

You’ll need a place to store the Hugo executable, your content, and the generated Hugo website:

1. Open Windows Explorer.
2. Create a new folder: C:\Hugo, assuming you want Hugo on your C drive, although this can go anywhere
3. Create a subfolder in the Hugo folder: C:\Hugo\bin
4. Create another subfolder in Hugo: C:\Hugo\Sites

Technical Users

1. Download the latest zipped Hugo executable from Hugo Releases.
2. Extract all contents to your ..\Hugo\bin folder.
3. In PowerShell or your preferred CLI, add the hugo.exe executable to your PATH by navigating to C:\Hugo\bin (or the location of your hugo.exe file) and use the command set PATH=%PATH%;C:\Hugo\bin. If the hugo command does not work after a reboot, you may have to run the command prompt as administrator.

Less-technical Users

1. Go to the Hugo Releases page.
2. The latest release is announced on top. Scroll to the bottom of the release announcement to see the downloads. They’re all ZIP files.
3. Find the Windows files near the bottom (they’re in alphabetical order, so Windows is last) – download either the 32-bit or 64-bit file depending on whether you have 32-bit or 64-bit Windows. (If you don’t know, see here.)
4. Move the ZIP file into your C:\Hugo\bin folder.
5. Double-click on the ZIP file and extract its contents. Be sure to extract the contents into the same C:\Hugo\bin folder – Windows will do this by default unless you tell it to extract somewhere else.
6. You should now have three new files: The hugo executable (hugo.exe), LICENSE, and README.md.

Now you need to add Hugo to your Windows PATH settings:

For Windows 10 Users:

• Right click on the Start button.
• Click on System.
• Click on Advanced System Settings on the left.
• Click on the Environment Variables… button on the bottom.
• In the User variables section, find the row that starts with PATH (PATH will be all caps).
• Double-click on PATH.
• Click the New… button.
• Type in the folder where hugo.exe was extracted, which is C:\Hugo\bin if you went by the instructions above. The PATH entry should be the folder where Hugo lives and not the binary. Press Enter when you’re done typing.
• Click OK at every window to exit.

For Windows 7 and 8.x users:

Windows 7 and 8.1 do not include the easy path editor included in Windows 10, so non-technical users on those platforms are advised to install a free third-party path editor like Windows Environment Variables Editor or Path Editor.

Verify the Executable

Run a few commands to verify that the executable is ready to run, and then build a sample site to get started.

1. Open a Command Prompt

At the prompt, type hugo help and press the Enter key. You should see output that starts with:

hugo is the main command, used to build your Hugo site.

Hugo is a Fast and Flexible Static Site Generator
built with love by spf13 and friends in Go.

Complete documentation is available at https://gohugo.io/.

If you do, then the installation is complete. If you don’t, double-check the path that you placed the hugo.exe file in and that you typed that path correctly when you added it to your PATH variable. If you’re still not getting the output, search the Hugo discussion forum to see if others have already figured out our problem. If not, add a note—in the “Support” category—and be sure to include your command and the output.

At the prompt, change your directory to the Sites directory.

C:\Program Files> cd C:\Hugo\Sites
C:\Hugo\Sites>

2. Run the Command

Run the command to generate a new site. I’m using example.com as the name of the site.

C:\Hugo\Sites> hugo new site example.com

You should now have a directory at C:\Hugo\Sites\example.com. Change into that directory and list the contents. You should get output similar to the following:

C:\Hugo\Sites> cd example.com
C:\Hugo\Sites\example.com> dir
Directory of C:\hugo\sites\example.com

04/13/2015  10:44 PM    <DIR>          .
04/13/2015  10:44 PM    <DIR>          ..
04/13/2015  10:44 PM    <DIR>          archetypes
04/13/2015  10:44 PM                83 config.toml
04/13/2015  10:44 PM    <DIR>          content
04/13/2015  10:44 PM    <DIR>          data
04/13/2015  10:44 PM    <DIR>          layouts
04/13/2015  10:44 PM    <DIR>          static
               1 File(s)             83 bytes
               7 Dir(s)   6,273,331,200 bytes free

Troubleshoot Windows Installation

@dhersam has created a nice video on common issues:

Linux

Snap Package

In any of the Linux distributions that support snaps, you may install install the “extended” Sass/SCSS version with this command:

snap install hugo --channel=extended

To install the non-extended version without Sass/SCSS support:

snap install hugo

To switch between the two, use either snap refresh hugo --channel=extended or snap refresh hugo --channel=stable.

Debian and Ubuntu

@anthonyfok and friends in the Debian Go Packaging Team maintains an official hugo Debian package which is shared with Ubuntu and is installable via apt-get:

sudo apt-get install hugo

What this installs depends on your Debian/Ubuntu version. On Ubuntu bionic (18.04), this installs the non-extended version without Sass/SCSS support. On Ubuntu disco (19.04), this installs the extended version with Sass/SCSS support.

This option is not recommended because the Hugo in Linux package managers for Debian and Ubuntu is usually a few versions behind as described here

Arch Linux

You can also install Hugo from the Arch Linux community repository. Applies also to derivatives such as Manjaro.

sudo pacman -Syu hugo

Fedora, Red Hat and CentOS

Fedora maintains an official package for Hugo which may be installed with:

sudo dnf install hugo

For the latest version, the Hugo package maintained by @daftaupe at Fedora Copr is recommended:

• https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/daftaupe/hugo/

See the related discussion in the Hugo forums.

Solus

Solus includes Hugo in its package repository, it may be installed with:

sudo eopkg install hugo

OpenBSD

OpenBSD provides a package for Hugo via pkg_add:

doas pkg_add hugo

Upgrade Hugo

Upgrading Hugo is as easy as downloading and replacing the executable you’ve placed in your PATH or run brew upgrade hugo if using Homebrew.

Next Steps

Now that you’ve installed Hugo, read the Quick Start guide and explore the rest of the documentation. If you have questions, ask the Hugo community directly by visiting the Hugo Discussion Forum.